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Johnny Jack Nounes
Johnny Jack Nounes, also known as the "Beau Brummell of Galveston", was an organized crime boss in Galveston, Texas, United States, during the early 1900s. He, with one-armed George Musey, led the Downtown Gang, one of the two gangs which controlled most of the Galveston Crime Syndicate until the early 1930s. They fought for control of the island against the rival Beach Gang led by Ollie Quinn and Dutch Voight. As the prohibition era began, his gang came to be one of the dominant forces in the Galveston Crime Syndicate. Galveston became the main port of entry for liquor supply in Texas and many parts of the Midwest.
Nounes' flamboyance attracted the attention of federal authorities, leading to his conviction in 1924 and sentencing to Leavenworth Penitentiary.〔Haile (1998), p. 15. "Johnny Jack’s free-spending flamboyance earned him folk-hero status among tolerant Galvestonians but also attracted the attention of federal agents, who succeeded in sending him to Leavenworth in 1924."〕 His prison term was short but only two years after being released he was again sentenced to prison after being caught with a shipment of liquor in Seabrook.〔Haile (1998), p. 15. "Less than two years after his triumphant return, Nounes and partner Musey were caught red-handed at Seabrook with a boatload of booze."〕 Frank Nitti, a business partner of Nounes, would go on to become the "enforcer" for Al Capone's crime organization in Chicago as well as the future boss of the Chicago Outfit.〔Cartwright (1998), pg. 210.〕
==Family and early life==
Johnny Jack Nounes was born John Louis Nonus in Galveston, Texas, to Emanuel and Angelica Nonus, both immigrants from Portugal. They both immigrated to New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1872 and married in Galveston soon after meeting. The Nonus family had fifteen children but six died at infancy; the remaining nine were Mary, Lyda, Annie, Mellie, Lily, Beatrice, Mabel, Johnny, and Francis. In 1900, the 1900 Galveston hurricane hit the island. During this devastating storm, Emanuel managed to break a hole in the house's ceiling in order to get all the children to safety; Johnny was ten years old.
One of Johnny's earliest jobs was a butcher. At the end of the day he would save all of the meat scraps and would give to his younger brother Francis so that he could take it home to the family. The family was struggling on hard times and so they would eat whatever they could get. Around 1914 Johnny changed his last name from "Nonus" to "Nounes" because he rounded up the Downtown Gang a few years earlier and didn't want to ruin his family name as well as releasing it to rivals, and so that how his name was born, Johnny Jack Nounes. He was a very cocky fella who liked to street fight and loved violating the law. With his early crime life, he was probably most associated with gambling and prostitution while being in competition with the Beach Gang led by Dutch Voight and Ollie Quinn.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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